Strikes, Committees, Boycotts: Art and Activism in New York c. 1968

The selection comprises of a number of photographs by a female photographer Jan Van Raay taken between 1969 and 1972. They follow the protests and activities of a small group of artists who called themselves the Guerrilla Art Action Group (GAAG) in New York. The main characters in the GAAG were Jean Toche and John Hendricks and initially included Virginia Toche, Poppy Johnson and Joanne Stamerra. This smaller group often protested alongside the AWC (Art Workers’ Coalition) and the Art Strike (Art Strike against Racism, Sexism, Repression & War) against the war in Vietnam and other causes that New York City artist collectives found to have deep impacts on the art world. The nature of the photographs, particularly the angles and proximity from which they captured the events, as well as an article on the photographer’s work written by Lily Van Ginneken in De Volkskrant in the Netherlands in February 1980, suggest that she was in fact, a part of the protests herself as an artist. This embeds in them the quality of a kind of personal, visual diary of the activities of these groups rather than a formal narrative catering to a planned audience. One of the photographer’s quotes from the article sums up the atmosphere and intentions surrounding the photographs in this selection and the protests recorded in them: “The things that touched us didn’t have much to do with art as to what it had to do with the system and what was behind it.”

Memorial service for dead babies at the MoMa (3 January 1970)

This photograph shows Jean Toche and another artist holding up the “And Babies?” poster against the Picasso painting, Guernica. The poster was an iconic anti-Vietnam war poster featuring a color photograph of the massacre in My Lai taken by the US combat photographer, Ronald L. Haeberle on March 16 1968. GAAG, AWC members and the Destruction in Art symposium staged this as part of a protest against the killing of innocent civilians in Vietnam, in front of Picasso’s Guernica at the MoMa (Museum of Modern Art) in New York.

This photo shows a large gathering of protestors at the entrance of the MET museum with helmeted policemen watching over their activities. One of the protestors appears to be speaking into a megaphone, making announcements to the crowd.

The photo shows two protestors with two posters at a gathering in front of the MoMa against governor Nelson Rockefeller who is being accused of being behind the massacre in Attica prison in New York. The female protestor is holding up a sign that reads: At Attica and at the Modern Rockefeller calls the shots. The male protestor is putting up a poster on the wall announcing Rockefeller as the Butcher of Attica.

This photograph shows Jean Toche and Jon Hendricks participating in the flag burning ceremony in the courtyard of Judson Memorial Church.

For denouncing the war, Jon Hendricks, Jean Toche, and Faith Ringgold organized “The People’s Flag Show” to test the legality of flag desecration laws. In the flyer of “Call for Work for People’s Flag Show,” it is written:

This photo was taken at the GAAG and the Belgian Government in Exile’s preliminary action to a flag burning ceremony at the UN. It shows Jean Toche and Jon Hendricks holding up their fists.

The photo captures the performance “Metamorphotos”, at the 9th Annual Avant-Guarde Festival.

GAAG rejected to participate in the 9th Avant-Garde Festival of NYC held aboard the Alexander Hamilton, South Street Seaport Museum, New York. The annual avant-garde festival of NY was an annual event that began in 1963 as an open forum for the emerging experimental music scene out of fluxus  in NYC. It was founded by cellist and performance artist Charlotte Moorman, the festival ran in different locations for 15 years. The notable performers included Charlotte Moorman, John Cage, Yoko Ono, Carolee Schneemann, John Lennon, Nam June Paik and so on. Jean Toche and Jon Hendricks decided not to participate for the reasons stated in the document published on October 31, 1972 as follows,